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Role of Quality of Work Life (QWL) on Employee Retention of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: Moderating Effect of Gender, Marital Status and Job Experience

Abstract

The Quality of Work Life (QWL) is a philosophy that   focuses on the quality of the relationship between employees and total work environment. A high quality of work life is essential for organizations to attract, continue and retain prospective employees. Retention of experienced and trained employees is a challenge for banking organizations. This research aimed at make out underlying dimensions of QWL program that shape employees’ retention strategy in Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) of Bangladesh. The study is based on primary data from 200 employees working at PCBs through a structured questionnaire. Several statistical tools and techniques such as Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), descriptive statistics, zero order correlation, OLS regression and hierarchical regression analysis have been used. The outcome of the study is that all five dimensions of QWL program e.g., supervision, maintenance, flexibility, security and compensation have significant positive effect on employee stay decision in the bank. The study concluded that gender and marital status moderate the relation of maintenance dimension and intention to stay decision. Finally, implications for organizations and practitioners adopting QWL program are discussed. 

Mediation Role of Job Satisfaction on HRM ̶ Operational Performance Relationship: A Three-Way Moderation Effect by Gender

ABSTRACT:

The impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on performance behavior and job satisfaction have drawn much attention around the world over the past 25 years (Khera, 2010; Savaneviciene& Stankeviciute, 2012).Past researchwas conducted on either HRM practices and job satisfaction or HRM practices and employee performance. Researchers in the study try to integrate both the topics in a single edge. Covering the existing research gap, the study aims at to predict high school teachers' operational performance on HRM practices and notice whether the job satisfaction mediates the relationship between HR practices and operational performance. The research is a non-experimental study utilizing structured questionnaires. During the survey, information confidentiality and respondents' anonymous were established. The study has adopted the cross-sectional survey approach and investigated 140 teachers from 14 high schools, located at Sylhet City, Bangladesh. A three-step hierarchical regression model was fitted to regress operational performance on control variable, HRM related independent variables as well as job satisfaction to know the variance explained by each step and to test the effect size. Further, three mediation models were also developed to delineate how HRM practices i.e., discipline and compensation were related to operational performance through job satisfaction. In doing so, mediating role (either complete or partial) of job satisfaction was examined. Results revealed that training and development, discipline and compensation significantly predictedhigh school teachers' perceived operational performance effort; and job satisfaction has shown both partial and complete mediation effects in the relationships between HRM practices and operational performance. Moderating variable,viz., gender did moderate none of relationships among independent, mediator and predicted variables. Thus, school teachers' operational performance and job satisfaction resultant from HRM practices do not differ significantly by gender status. The key implication of the study is assisting the management committee of higher secondary schools in focusing on specific HRM practices to draw out school teachers' performance effort. And all HR practices more or less important for educational institutions but to boost up employee performance effort training & development, discipline and compensation system are more imperative.

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Professor Dr. Md. Ruhul Amin is currently serving as a Professor in the Department of Accounting and Information Systems at Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. He has extensive teaching, research, and professional experience spanning more than two decades. Before joining Islamic University, he worked as a Brand Executive at Abul Khair Group, Chittagong, from 2000 to 2005. He joined the Department of Accounting and Information Systems at Islamic University as a Lecturer in 2005 and subsequently served as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and now serving as a Professor, attaining the position of Professor in 2017. Professor Amin obtained his PhD in Accounting from Islamic University in 2013. He also completed his Master of Business Studies (MBS) and Bachelor of Business Studies (Honours) in Accounting from Islamic University, securing First Class First in both degrees. His doctoral research focused on the “Role of NGOs in Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study between BRAC and Grameen Bank.” His research interests and scholarly contributions cover a broad range of areas, including financial performance analysis, banking and Islamic banking, banking services and e-banking, entrepreneurship development, poverty alleviation, customer satisfaction and preferences, industrial development, job satisfaction, capital market development, management information systems, marketing, consumer behaviour, and education. He has published more than 20 research articles in national and international journals, including studies appearing in the Open Journal of Business and Management, Australian Academy of Business and Economics Review, and Australian Journal of Business, Social Science and Information Technology. In addition to his teaching and research responsibilities, Professor Dr. Ruhul Amin has held several important administrative and academic positions at Islamic University. His experience includes serving as Acting Provost of Lalon Shah Hall, House Tutor of university residential halls, Chairman of the Department of Accounting and Information Systems, and member of the Academic Committee, Academic Council, and Board of Advanced Study of the University. With his extensive academic, professional, research, and administrative experience, Professor Dr. Md. Ruhul Amin has made significant contributions to accounting and business education and to the broader academic community of Islamic University.

Financial Performance Analysis; Banking and Islamic Banking; Entrepreneurship and NGO Development; Capital Market and Economic Growth; Marketing and Consumer Behaviour.

Md. Kamal Hossain is an academic and researcher currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Accounting and Information Systems at Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. He possesses extensive experience in higher education, having served in teaching and research capacities at both Islamic University and the Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT), Dhaka. His academic career reflects a strong commitment to teaching, research, and scholarly engagement in the broad areas of accounting, finance, banking, and business studies. He earned his BBA (Honours) and MBA degrees in Accounting and Information Systems from Islamic University, Kushtia, securing first position in the order of merit in both programmes. In recognition of his outstanding academic achievement, he was awarded the President Gold Medal for attaining the first position in his Faculty in the MBA programme, with a CGPA of 3.90 out of 4.00. His principal research interests include banks' risk-taking behaviour, capital regulation, risk and investment analysis, financial inclusion, institutional investors' role in managerial decision-making, research and development and investment efficiency, economic policy uncertainty, capital structure, and bank risk-taking. His scholarly contributions span a range of contemporary issues in accounting, auditing, banking, finance, corporate performance, internal control, customer satisfaction, work-family conflict, and sustainable development. Mr. Hossain maintains a notable research affiliation with the Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT), where he previously served for nearly eight years as a Lecturer and Assistant Professor in the Department of Accounting. His association with BUBT has also extended to research, particularly through his role as a Research Associate in a BUBT-funded research project conducted in association with the Intensive Training Program on Applied Research Methodology (ITPARM). The completed project, focusing on work-family conflict and job switching among university teachers in Dhaka, was supported by the BUBT Trust Fund and subsequently generated a publication in the BUBT Journal. His scholarly engagement also extends beyond Bangladesh through international research collaboration. He has contributed to collaborative research with international scholars, including Dr. Cheng Kaiming and Dr. Zhou Bu, in the publication entitled Green Harmony: Global and Regional Dynamics for SDG-2030. This collaboration reflects his engagement with international academic networks and cross-border research perspectives, including scholarly collaboration involving researchers associated with China. In addition to his teaching and research activities, Mr. Hossain is proficient in a range of quantitative, statistical, and analytical tools, including Python, R, Stata, SAS, and SPSS, as well as professional accounting applications such as QuickBooks Online, Xero, and Wave Accounting. He is actively involved in academic administration, student supervision, and professional activities and holds memberships in the Accounting Alumni Association. Through his combined experience in university teaching, applied research, academic collaboration, and professional development, Md. Kamal Hossain continues to contribute to the advancement of accounting and business education and research in Bangladesh while strengthening his engagement with broader international scholarly networks.

Investment Behaviour, Behavioral Determinants of Investment Decisions, ESG, Investment Efficiency

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md-Hossain-1199?ev=hdr_xprf

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PpAJlkcAAAAJ&hl=en&authuser=4

Purpose: Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the purpose of the study is to examine how climate change perception, institutional sustainability commitment, and environmental selfefficacy drive sustainable lifestyle engagement, which in turn shapes eco-anxiety among university students in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional quantitative design with purposive sampling collected data from 436 university students across 10 public and private universities in Bangladesh. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the effects of climate change perception, institutional sustainability commitment, environmental self-efficacy, and sustainable lifestyle engagement on eco-anxiety.

Findings: Climate change perception, institutional sustainability commitment, and environmental selfefficacy significantly predict sustainable lifestyle engagement, jointly explaining 57% of its variance. Sustainable lifestyle engagement is also negatively associated with eco-anxiety, highlighting its role as a resource-investment mechanism through which individuals respond to climate-related concerns. Practical implications: Universities can function as psychosocial resilience ecosystems by strengthening institutional sustainability commitment and student environmental self-efficacy, integrating climatefocused mental health support and sustainability education, establishing climate resilience units and peer-support networks, and embedding eco-anxiety management across academic disciplines rather than confining it to environmental science or psychology programs.

Originality/value: This study is among the first to apply COR theory to eco-anxiety research in a climate-vulnerable South Asian context, offering a novel theoretical lens and empirical evidence on the resource-based mechanisms linking climate perceptions, institutional and personal resources, and sustainable behavior to psychological well-being.

The bank is the lifeblood of a modern economy. The overall success and performance of a bank are largely reliant on competent and skilled employees. A dynamic, capable, and talented workforce will be ensured through the efficient use and practice of Human Resource Management. This research study examines the HRM practices in private Conventional and Islamic Shariah-based banks in Bangladesh. The study investigates various aspects of Human Resource Practices, including analysis of jobs, hiring policies, educational programs, performance management, salary structure, Occupational health and safety, and promotion policy. This research is based on secondary data. The utilization of journals, books, authorized papers, yearly reports, and internet material made this study feasible. The results of the findings show that both types of banks have established these HRM practices efficiently. The research suggests that banks ought to prioritize the implementation of environmentally friendly HRM practices, focus on utilizing data analytics, and establish HRIS to align with current industry trends.

The achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 hinges on the intricate interplay between environmental performance and human development. This study employs Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) on both a global scale and within the context of South Asia, utilizing the latest Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and Human Development Index (HDI) reports from 2022. Globally, the CCA underscores that Environmental Performance significantly influences key SDGs, with metrics explaining nearly 85% of variations in Life Expectancy (SDG-3) and Per Capita Gross National Income (SDG-8.5). Education indicators, such as Expected Years of Schooling (SDG-4.3) and Mean Years of Schooling (SDG-4.4), are strongly influenced by Environmental Health, showcasing a profound connection. Interestingly, the Human Development Index demonstrates a robust correlation (92.8%) with Environmental Health but displays a less pronounced relationship (48.2%) with Ecosystem Vitality on a global scale. The findings unveil a global synergy, with composite indices exhibiting strong correlation (86%) and mutual explanatory power. However, the South Asia regional analysis presents a divergent narrative, revealing statistically insignificant insights and negative influences on environmental performance (-4.6%) and human development (-20.3%) through ecosystem vitality and mean years of schooling, respectively. This research contributes valuable insights for global progress towards SDG-2030, emphasizing the need for tailored attention and policy implementation in South Asia to attain sustainable development. The implications inform policymakers and stakeholders, advocating for integrated policies that empower education, foster inclusive economic growth, nurture health and environment synergy, bolster ecosystem resilience, and promote data-driven decision-making. Employing Canonical Correlation Analysis through statistical tools such as E-views 12, SPSS 25 and Stata 15, this study underscores the significance of fostering a harmonious relationship between nature and human development for long-term societal benefits.

This paper aims at analyzing the socio-economic status of widows in the Jhenidah district and evaluate the impact of socio-economic status on the widows’ livelihood in society. For achieving the purpose of the study, the researchers collected the primary data by a structured questionnaire, and data were gathered from sixteen respondents from Jhenidah district by a convenient sampling method. The researchers in this study found that widows suffer from multiple social problems and restrictions. Moreover, the widows are feeling discouraged in their lives though they earn a satisfactory figure since dissatisfaction arises from the multiplicity of social problems for the widows.

The paper aims to analyze the effect of advertising and sales promotion costs on the sales revenues and profits of the ceramic companies listed with DSE in Bangladesh. To attain the objectives of the study, we collected the data from the annual reports of the companies. We organized a panel data of eleven (11) years for the sample companies. This study analyzes the data using the fixed-effect and random effect model of regression analysis. We find that the sales promotion cost is influential in improving the sales revenues, net profit, and the return on investment. Whereas, the advertising cost has a significant negative influence on the net profit, return on investment, and return on equity of the companies. Thus, we suggest reducing the advertising cost to minimize the expenses and improve the earnings of the firms, side by side. We also recommend paying more attention to sales promotion costs to increase the profitability of the companies.

This study is conducted with the aims to analyze how the demographic patterns influence the satisfaction of the customers of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. It also deals to identify the key determinants that influence customer satisfaction significantly. To achieve the objectives the researchers collected the data from 170 respondents by a field survey based on a structured questionnaire. The results of the current study reveal that no demographic factors influence the satisfaction of the customers of the Bank. Moreover, the result also shows that different factors such as the convenience of services, quality of service, dealing with the customer, financial considerations, image and brand, and comparative advantages all these variables have a significant and positive correlation with customer satisfaction. Among these variables, the image and brand have the highest correlation with satisfaction. Similarly, the regression analysis also reveals that the image and brand have the highest significant influence on customer satisfaction. Therefore, this study suggests paying more attention to uphold the image and brand to attain and generate more customer satisfaction.

At present how to maintain a balance between work and life is a very common question at both the national and international level. This research article studies the work-family conflict among the teachers working in private universities of Bangladesh. By using the primary data, researchers tried to find out the extent of demographic factors' (age, gender, marital status, level of education, designation, family category and income level) influence on work-family conflict, level ofjob satisfaction and job changing intentions. Descriptive and chi square tests were performed to detect the association among work family conflict, family work conflict, job satisfaction and job changing intentions based on some selected demographic issues. The analysis reveals work family conflict and family work conflict are not associated with the demographic factors of the teachers of the private universities of Bangladesh. However, the chi square test retrieves that satisfaction of the teachers is associated with education level and job changing intention is associated with the designation of the teachers.

This study investigates the effectiveness of forensic accounting in financial fraud control, improving financial reporting quality and internal controls of the public-sector banks in Bangladesh. Data was gathered randomly from two hundred twenty five (225) employees of Sonali Bank Ltd, Agrani Bank Ltd. and BASIC Bank Ltd. of Bangladesh based on primary survey by a structure questionnaire. The result of Binomial test suggests that forensic accounting is very effective in controlling the financial frauds, in quality financial reporting, and in improving the internal control of the banks. Therefore, this study pays special concentration on forensic accounting for noticing and investigating of alleged fraud incidents to lessen financial frauds in the public-sector banks in Bangladesh.

This study aims to examine the sources of effective internal control of different banks in Bangladesh and to analyze the influence of effective internal control on the profitability of those banks. Both primary and secondary survey is used to conduct the study. Questionnaire has been developed and conducted to obtain information regarding the internal control and firms profitability of 34 listed commercial banks in Bangladesh. Annual reports have also been surveyed to gather the profitability information for the period offinancial year 2009 to 2014. Structural regression equation model has been used for the analysis of the study. This study revealed that all the factors of internal control have significant influence on the internal control system of the listed commercial banks in Bangladesh. This paper depicts that information and communication and monitoring activities are more dominating than the other factors of internal control system. This study also finds that internal control system affects both ROE and ROA of the banks.

This study analyzes the sources of work-family conflicts and its impact on job outcomes in the private university teaching in Bangladesh. Three objectives are set related to work family conflicts and job outcomes among 61 faculty numbers of four private universities. This article deals with two sources of work-family conflicts, work interfering with family (WIF) and fa1nily inte1fering with work (FIW). Structural Equation Model (SEM) has been used to find out the effects of WIF and FIW on job satisfaction (JS) and job change intention (JC). Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) has shown that the n1odel is appropriate. This study has found that WIF adversely affects .JS and positively affects JC. No relationship is detected in case of FJW and J/S as well as JC. SEM also showed the relation­ ship between JS and JC. The researchers suggest to reduce the work load in order to enhance the job satisfaction of the faculty members.

This paper examines the extent of application and disclosure of IASs and IFRSs among the listed companies in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) of Bangladesh. The paper uses the data that have been collected randomly from the annual reports of the companies and a survey was conducted to independent accountants and company management during span of four years from 2010 to 2013. To serve the analysis, data have collected by using a sample of 98 companies from 17 different industries of Bangladesh. The study observed that 88.17% companies audited by the ‘A’ category firms rank by Bangladesh Bank revealed the disclosure of applying IASs and IFRSs. B category rank firms audited only 5% of the sample companies; 40% of the companies audited by these category firms did not disclose the application status of accounting standards.

In this study it has been initiated to find out the credit strength and financial performance of cement industries in Bangladesh through investigating the financial report for the period from 2007 to 2011. Financial ratios are employed to measure the Liquidity (Working capital to Total Assets), Profitability (Retained Earnings to Total Assets), Efficiency (Earnings before Interest and Taxes to Total Assets), Volatility (Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Total Liabilities) and Total Asset Turnover analysis (Sales to Total Assets). For analyzing, the credit strength of the cement industry in Bangladesh, a renowned model of predicting credit strength named “Altman Z Score Model” has been used. The collected data are also analyzed by using statistical tool. The study finds that the cement companies in Bangladesh are mostly on financial Distress Position because the sample industry held about 48% over the last 5 years where about 32% of the companies are in the Grey Zone and only 20% of the companies are in Safe Position. So, the credit strength of cement industry in Bangladesh is far behind of its landmark.

In this paper an attempt has been made to review the present state (in 2011) of price of essential commodities and its impact on economy of our country. This paper has been prepared based on data more or less from the year 2005 but for the convenient of research work we have highly emphasized on the data from November 2010 to October 2011. From the analysis of recent data it indicates the upward trend of consumer price index (CPI) in general and prices of essential commodities exceed beyond the limit of poor income group or fixed earners. National (CPI) average is 10.24 percent and 12.42 percent for the month of October' 2011. While the food prices of rural areas continued to boost at accelerating rate compare to the food prices of urban. It is really a threat for the developing country like Bangladesh. The food price of essential commodities is increasing hastily since 2005 and climbed at the highest peak of the decade in 2008. However, prices declined a bit in 2009 but again started to increase from 2010 and till November 2011 prices of most of the essential commodities has risen more than those of 2008. If taken 2005 as base year, the scenario of food prices in 2011 becomes a matter of stun and awe. We have scrupulously reviewed the relevant credentials and literatures which indicate that shortfall & volatility in commodity production, relative price (fuel, electricity etc.), consumption pattern, trade policy, financial market, syndicate and hoarding are mainly responsible to make the price of essential commodities sky rockets. However, we have tried to mention some remedial policies against forceful price hike.

IFRS, Energy sectors, finance, Business

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md-Huda-6?ev=hdr_xprf

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=cUItaS8AAAAJ&hl=en

Dr. Md. Kamal Uddin is currently holding the position of Associate Professor in the Department of Accounting and Information Systems at Islamic University in Kushtia, Bangladesh. He has almost nine (9) years of teaching and research experience and ten (10) years in banking and corporate institutions, respectively. He earned his PhD, MBA, and BBA degree from the Department of Accounting and Information Systems at Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Notably, he secured first position in the department and faculty during his MBA and BBA degrees. He also obtained his Diploma in Banking (JAIBB & AIBB) from the Institute of Bankers, Bangladesh. His research interests encompass financial accounting (financial performance analysis), financial technology (Fintech), digital/core banking (banks' performance), sustainable economic development (women's empowerment, land development tax), and consumers’ behavior (green purchase, technology adoption and sustainable usage intention). A total of 19 scholarly journal articles in both national and international journals. His contributions have been published in esteemed SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Crossref indexed and peer-reviewed journals. Proficient in structural equation modeling (SEM), he possesses solid expertise in model estimation techniques, including mediating analysis, time series analysis, utilizing tools like SmartPLS, SPSS, STATA, EndNote, and EViews. Dr. Uddin works as an advisor of the Islamic University Accounting Club (IUAC) and Islamic University Kushtia Students’ Welfare Association at his present institution. He is the member of Islamic University Accounting Alumni Association (IUAAA) and life time member of Bangladesh Accounting Association (BAA). Apart from this, he also actively participates in various development initiatives and community services.

Financial Accounting, Financial Technology (Fintech), Financial Inclusion, Digital/Core Banking, Consumers’ Behavior, Land Development Tax, and Tertiary Education.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md-Uddin-266?ev=hdr_xprf

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=08-NjsIAAAAJ&hl=en

The financial sector has significantly been transformed by the trends and advancements in information and communication technology over the last couple of decades. These disruptions fueled by technological advancements along with usefulness, easier accessibility, digital literacy, trustworthiness have expedited the E-banking system's advancement. The disruptive technologies provided innovative ways to do things with a range of wit and imaginative approaches that has helped to raise both customer level satisfaction and company productivity. This study looks at the factors influencing in raising the trends of acceptability of electronic banking services in Bangladesh. This study also covered the existing e-banking services in Bangladesh and the marketing viewpoint on their acceptability. The data have been gathered for an empirical investigation was used to construct online questionnaires. There are 110 valid responses to a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. For the statistical analysis, a structural equation model (SEM) technique was adopted. Four aspects are tested: security and privacy, perceived ease of use, perceived utility, and social norms. The model was verified through the demonstration of the importance of customers' perceived utility and acceptance of e-banking services in Bangladesh in building trust in the use of electronic banking. The outcomes could help the Bangladeshi government and commercial banks develop further trust and other e-banking standards. This study uses the TAM model in modified form to find significant empirical findings on Bangladesh's e-499 banking acceptability. It also offers a model that incorporates the key elements required for an examination of e-banking acceptability.

This study develops and empirically tests a conceptual model that investigates the intervening impact of satisfaction on the relationship between corporate reputation and customers’ sustained usage intention. The study followed a convenient sampling procedure for data collection. A PLS-SEM (Partial least square-structural equation modelling) was used as a statistical technique to analyze data and to test the hypothesis of the study through SmartPLS 4.0. The statistical output shows that corporate reputation had a significant impact and relationship with customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is a significant antecedent of customers’ sustained usage intention. The findings revealed that corporate reputation had no direct and significant effect on customers’ sustained usage intention but had an indirect influence on it in the presence of satisfaction. The inferential analysis demonstrated that satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between corporate reputation and customers’ sustainable usage intention. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on corporate reputation and customers’ sustained usage intention of MFS literature in similar economies. The findings of the study will be useful for the MFS providers for developing strategic planning on the sustainability of customers’ usage decisions and enhancing positive corporate reputation.

Notable advancements have been made in the field of study concerning the determinants of environmentally conscious consumption in the last few years. However, no studies have explored how consumers feel about their obligation to the environment and how awareness affects their likelihood to engage in eco-friendly shopping. This current study explores the significance of responsibility and knowledge on consumer behavior, particularly when purchasing. It also investigates how environmental concern plays a role as a mediator. An online survey was distributed to 180 customers from Bangladesh to gather data for this study. The results show that knowledge is directly related to ecological responsibilities and influences the intention to make green purchases. Additionally, it was found that knowing the environment positively affects individuals’ level of concern for it. However enough, it was observed that environmental responsibility does not have a positive influence on environmental concerns. Furthermore, the presence of knowledge encourages consumers’ engagement in green purchasing behavior by influencing their degree of environmental consciousness. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that there is no indirect relationship between environmental responsibility and ambition to make green purchases via environmental concern. The presence of environmental concern has a favorable impact on individuals’ inclination to engage in green purchasing.

The present study empirically examines the impact of Fintech literacy on sustainable intention to use mobile financial services (MFS) with the intervening effect of customer satisfaction. The study used a purposive sampling technique in collecting data from 200 respondents by administering a well-structured questionnaire. The partial least squares structural equation model-ling (PLS-SEM) was applied to measure the reliability and validity of data and test the study’s hypotheses by using SmartPLS4. The empirical result shows that Fintech literacy has a significant and positive influence on customer satisfaction, and sustainable intention to use MFS. Likewise, customer satisfaction significantly affects sustainable intention to use MFS. The study reveals that customer satisfaction has a partial mediating effect on Fintech literacy and sustainable intention to use MFS. This study theoretically contributes to the current body of knowledge on Fintech literacy and mobile financial services literature. The outcome of the study can also be helpful to the MFS providers for taking initiatives in improving the Fintech knowledge of customers, their satisfaction and the sustainable usage intention of MFS.

The study aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on customer satisfaction and intention to use mobile financial services, to find out the limitations of existing studies, and to guide a direction for future research. This research is narrative and qualitative in nature. There are 58 relevant and related articles selected for the systematic review which were mostly collected from the Scopus database and a few on snowball systems from other authentic databases. Weight analysis performs to identify the best predictors of the existing literatures and descriptive data are presented in tabular and graphical form. The study revealed that D&M IS Success model, TAM, and UTATUT theories have mostly been employed in existing literatures and SEM as frequently applied statistical techniques. Weight analysis disclosed that perceived usefulness, confirmation of expectation, trust, service quality, system quality, information quality, and perceived cost are the best predictors of customer satisfaction and perceived usefulness, satisfaction, self-efficacy, perceived benefit, hedonic motivation, perceived ease of use, and perceived risks are the best predictors of Intention to use MFS. These findings have implications for academicians to take into account such variables for developing new research frameworks and for practitioners in setting business strategies.

The aims of this study is to explore the factors that affect customers’ satisfaction with Islamic banking services in Malaysia during Covid-19 pandemic. The study is basically conducted on the basis of primary data collected by a well-structured questionnaire using Google Form. The respondents were 102 customers of Islamic Banking in Malaysia by using a simple random sampling technique. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in the study. Descriptive statistics include percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics include, Reliability test, ANOVA, and Multiple Regression analysis. Regression analysis applies to find the casual effect relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study results show that reliability, competence, and service quality have a positive and significant relationship with customer satisfaction except transparency. The study reveals that reliability, competence, and service quality significantly affect customer satisfaction of Islamic banking services during Covid-19 pandemic but transparency has no effects on satisfaction during the pandemic situation. The study emphasizes that the Islamic banking institutions in Malaysia should focus the reliability and competency to enhance the quality of services during the crisis periods and to meet the customers’ expectations which led to customer loyalty.

The COVID-19 epidemic has altered many people's lifestyles and incentives, causing their shopping habits to shift. The current study aims to evaluate these changes. In order to achieve this aim, the study analyzed the influence of the pandemic on Buying Behavior for e-commerce transaction across industries in order to discover household preferences. The present study is intended to respond to research questions of quantitative and qualitative nature. Data collection and analysis techniques from both methods were implemented. Regression analysis was used to study situations in which variables were dependent and simultaneously influenced by several independent variables. The study found that buying behavior is influenced by a number of characteristics, including mental health, isolation, lockdown, price sensitivity, and financial distress. The study also found four factors have a positive association with the dependent variable, whereas the remaining one factor has no relationship with the dependent variable. The world economy, and particularly international trade, have suffered and continue to suffer huge losses as a result of the Coronavirus Epidemic. The uncertainty in which enterprises and end customers have found themselves is exacerbated by a number of issues. These include, to mention a few, income loss, cross-border travel limitations, evolving consumer demand, and changing market actor behavior.

Social media is a globally known and widely used means of social communication that has brought most people very close in today's world especially the Z generation or iGen who are more familiar and attracted to this medium. Among them are university students who mostly prefer to spend time on it and as a result, it might have either positive or negative effects on their academic studies. The current study aims to investigate the effect of social media on the academic performance of university students in Bangladesh. A well-structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 150 students of Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh and they are selected based on a convenient sampling procedure. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are applied to analyze the data. The study found that 73% of students engaged in social media for non-academic purposes and most of them visited the Facebook site. The study also found that the majority of the students visit social networking sites at home, and in residential halls, while most of them spend time on average more than four hours daily, and mostly from 6.00 pm to 6.00 am. The study reveals that time spent on social media and excessive usage of social media negatively impacts students’ academic performance. The study recommends that parents, teachers, and students’ advisor in the university guide and monitor students properly so that they can’t misuse social media.

Management of Current assets and Current liabilities is involved in the working capital management of any business organisation. The financial decision regarding the current assets and their utilisation plays a crucial role in the solvency, liquidity as well as the profitability of the company. The study is aimed to determine the management of working capital of the particular gas distribution companies in Bangladesh which are selected on purposive sampling and analysis are conducted on the secondary data collected from annual reports covering a period of 5 years from the financial year 2015 to 2020. The analysis techniques of mean, average growth rate, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, financial ratio analysis, and Motaal’s Comprehensive Test of Liquidity model are used. It is found that the working capital management of the gas distribution companies is not at a satisfying level especially for the state-owned companies, although a newborn company (KGDCL) is in a better position compared with the older one. This study focuses on some techniques which may be followed for the management and utilisation of current assets and liabilities in enhancing the profitability of the companies to maintain optimum liquidity and solvency.

The present study analyzes the influence of leverage, operating efficiency, non-performing loan, and capital adequacy ratio on the profitability of commercial banks in Bangladesh. The study selected four state-owned commercial banks and six private commercial banks as samples purposively. The study uses secondary data collected from annual reports of sample banks. The study covers balanced panel data for a period of four years from 2017 to 2020. Panel data regression model applies to meet the research questions and hypotheses of the study. The analytical result of the study shows that the leverage as measured by the debt-equity ratio (DER) has a negative and insignificant influence on profitability (ROA). Non-performing loan (NPL) has also a negative and insignificant effect on ROA. Higher DER and NPL lower the profitability position of the bank. The study finds that the operating efficiency as measured by BOPO ratio has a positive and insignificant impact on ROA. The study reveals that the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) has a positive and significant effect on ROA. The present study recommends that banks should be rational about the debt financing and selection of appropriate borrowers for upholding the healthy financial position in Bangladesh.

The study aims to investigate the effect of non-performing loans on profitability with operating efficiency as an intervening variable. The study is conducted on the state-owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. The purposive sampling technique is chosen to select the sample banks. Secondary data has been collected from the annual reports of sample banks. The technique of data analysis used is descriptive, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis. PROCESS Macro Mediation Model 4 has been applied to examine the mediation effect. The study finds that non-performing loan has a positive but insignificant effect on operating efficiency, on the other hand, operating efficiency has a negative and insignificant impact on profitability. The statistical result in the direct effect of non-performing loan on profitability shows that non-performing loan has a negative and significant impact on profitability in presence of the operating efficiency. The findings in PROCESS Macro mediation effect reveals that operating efficiency have no mediation effect on the relationship between non-performing loan and the profitability of state-owned commercial banks. The study recommends that bank management should take effective measures to minimize the percentage of the non-performing loan and the operating expense to operating income ratio to enhance the profitability of banks.

Bangladesh is now playing a role model in conventional microfinancing programs in the whole world. Though the financial sectors of this country cover both conventional and Islamic modes. There exist some limitations of conventional microfinancing operating by NGOs. The Islamic microfinancing programs are not enhanced in comparing conventional microfinancing due to a lack of proper policy formulation. Most people are practicing Muslims and want to avoid interest. The Islamic financial institutions have emphasized women's empowerment through shariah-based microfinancing and achieving sustainable economic development. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance for empowering women and achieving SDGs in Bangladesh. The methodology of this study is based on secondary data including existing relevant literature and annual reports of different financial institutions. The findings of this study show that Islamic microfinance institutions perform a significant role in empowering women as well as attaining SDGs and have a broader scope to flourish more by applying their various investment modes. This study will help to promote shariah-based microfinancing in the future and transmit microfinance systems to other countries of the world. This paper also tries to recommend some strategies and policy options to promote shariah-based microfinancing to reduce the challenges to ensuring women's empowerment and attaining SDGs.

The study aims to evaluate the inputs cost sensitivity of betel leaf production of selected farmers in Bangladesh. Purposively two districts like Kushtia and Jhenidah were chosen for study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the purpose of the study. Primary data were collected from 120 farmers. For analyzing data 9 variables were used like Material cost, Labor, Land cost(Lease), Fertilizer, Insecticide, Irrigation Cost, Depreciation of Primary cost, Selling and Distribution cost, Other cost as input costs and one variable(Sales) was used as output variable. The analysis have been done by applying descriptive statistics, Cobb-Douglas production function and marginal physical productivity (MPP) to identify nature of production function and influential sensitive input costs. The summation of all regression co-efficient included in the model, ∑βi=1.35 indicated that the production function is in the state of increasing return to scale. The highest MPP value was found in other cost (64.95) followed by insecticide (3.22); selling and distribution cost (2.69); labor cost (1.25) and fertilizer (1.20) which are very sensitive inputs and have the strong influence on output variables.

Mobile banking service organization are operating business activities in Bangladesh for an era. The study aims to evaluate the financial performance of mobile banking services organization in Bangladesh experiencing the bKash limited. Financial ratio analysis and DuPont analysis have used to assess the financial performance of the organization on the basis of secondary data. Financial ratio analysis covers liquidity, solvency, activity and profitability ratio. DuPont analysis comprises of return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). The study also compares the financial performance of bKash limited between first four years and last four years. F statistics is used to test the hypothesis. The findings in liquidity and solvency ratio reveal that the organization is in decent position to settle the debt. The activity and profitability ratio finds that assets turnover and net profit margin was dissatisfactory. DuPont analysis shows that the organization was inefficient in operating activities and asset utilization. The study finds that there is no significant difference of financial performance between first and last four years. The study concludes that the management of bKash limited should focus on improving the efficiency in operational activities and asset utilization for enhancing the profit and maintaining healthy financial position.

Mobile financial service is an important tool of financial inclusion. It plays significant role to the national economy of Bangladesh. The study aims to analyze the profitability performance of mobile financial service providers in Bangladesh with special reference to bKash. The study covers a period of 08 (eight) financial and operational years from 2013 to 2020. Data collected for the purpose from secondary sources and used descriptive statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, F statistics, related financial ratios, and least square method to fit straight line trend to evaluate the profitability performance. The ratio analysis shows that profitability performance during the year 2014 to 2017 was sound but rest of the years under study period were negative. The trend analysis results that trend in income and expenditure of bKash are upward but trend in profit and profitability are downward during the study period. The study finds that there is no significant difference of profitability performance between first four years and last four years. The study recommends that bKash should increase diversified income level to improve profitability performance and healthy financial position in the long run.

Quality Higher Education transforms human life into meaningful human resources. Moreover, it brings qualitative changes in humankind and socioeconomic development with the help of extended knowledge and higher skills. But, most of the traditional student loan mechanisms are based on interest (riba) therefore, many devout Muslims are struggling with traditional student financing, as interest (riba) is impermissible in Islamic shariah. This study aims to analyze student financing concepts based on shariah perspective and to evaluate the shariah issues that are associated to its application. The present qualitative study adopts mostly relied primary and secondary sources of Islamic shariah such as Quran, Hadith, Islamic Jurisprudence, and Islamic scholars’ views. The deliberations evolve at reviewing on the shariah concept of Qard-al-hassan, Qard-bil-ujrah, waqf (Islamic trust bank), and takaful. Finally, the present study highlights that the higher education financing based on the shariah concept could also be generalized into education financing that would be interest(riba) free and acceptable to the Muslim community at large.

Job satisfaction refers to an employee’s positive impression toward his job performed for the organization. It persuades an employee moving forward to reach the organizational goal. As banking industry plays a vital role to the financial sectors as well as economy of Bangladesh, the study aimed to investigate affecting factors of job satisfaction of cash officers of Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) in Kushtia District. As cash officers in private commercial banks serves customer enthusiastically with excessive pressure, so that the matter of job satisfaction is highly considerable. In this study data collected through questionnaire from fifty respondents in distinct twelve private commercial banks. The researcher has done Descriptive Statistics analysis, Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis and T-Test, using SPSS to identify the most influential factors as well as their relationship with job satisfaction. The study reveals that almost all cash officers were satisfied in terms of all components of job satisfaction except three variables namely Job Security, Increment allocation method and performance evaluation systems of banks. The study also reveals that payment structure, job expectation, commendable culture and environment, job security, and performance measurement have strong and significant relationship with job satisfaction of cash officers of private commercial banks in Bangladesh.

The healthy growth of the financial market requires fast and secured transfer of money and financial instruments by using modern technologies. Delivering the financial services in the rural and remote areas helps the financial inclusions and boosts up the economic momentum and development thereby. The aim of this study is to investigate the comparative benefits between Electronic Fund Transfer and Automated Cheque Processing systems under Bangladesh Automated Clearing House in banking perspectives. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data collected from bank’s officials through well designed questionnaire and secondary data collected from Annual Reports published by Bangladesh Bank. Recent past five years consolidated data of clearing transactions settled through BACH are considered here. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square Test & Z Test applied to analyze data. The paper concludes that payment and settlement in Electronic Fund Transfer system is more beneficial to the bankers as compare to Cheque Processing Systems.

Payment systems mostly impact on a country's economic and business environment as well as play vital role to overall infrastructural development. At present banking sector of Bangladesh has embraced new technological development and functioning various mode of payment systems. The development of the RTGS system is one response to the growing awareness of the need for sound risk management in large-value funds transfer systems. The commencement of RTGS services in Bangladesh really a remarkable step/addition to fulfill the dream of Digital Bangladesh. The main purport of the study is to investigate the instant payment systems of commercial banks in Bangladesh focused on Real-Time Gross Settlement Services (RTGS). More than one year recent past data is taken under consideration for analyzing the growth or trends of RTGS services in Bangladesh. The study has observed that the growth rate of RTGS transaction is negative during the study period in terms of number of transaction as well as value of transaction. The study recommends that both Bangladesh Bank and Commercial banks come forward to spread out the usefulness of RTGS to the customers through the arrangement of seminar, advertisement on media, direct interaction with customers by information cell, closely monitoring by banks management and etc.

Artificial Intelligence, ESG, Green Innovation, AIS, Financial Analytics, Strategic Mnagement and Technological Innovation.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shahbub-Alam?ev=prf_overview

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